| 1. |
AMINO ACIDS |
any organic compound containing an amino group (NH2) and a carboxylic acid group (COOH). An amino acid, there are 20 common ones, is specified by an arrangement of three adjacent DNA nucleotides. These are the building blocks of proteins |
| 2. |
BIOCHEMICAL
CATALYSTS |
a biological substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being consumed itself in the reaction |
| 3. |
CANCER |
a malignant tumor that tends to invade healthy tissue and spreads rapidly to new sites |
| 4. |
CARCINOGEN |
any cancer causing substance or organism |
| 5. |
CARCINOGENISIS |
the origin, production or development of cancer |
| 6. |
CARCINOGENIC |
the ability of a substance to cause cancer |
| 7. |
CATABOLIZE |
the breakdown of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones. |
| 8. |
CODEX |
the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) was created in 1963 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to establish food standards, maximum levels allowed for contaminants and food additive levels, and related texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program. The main purposes of this Program are: protecting the health of consumers; ensuring fair trade practices in the food trade; and promoting coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non-governmental organizations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) recognizes Codex as the body responsible for developing international food safety standards |
| 9. |
ENZYMATIC HYDROLISIS |
a chemical process whereby an enzyme cleaves a compound into two or more simpler compounds with the uptake of the "H" and the "OH" parts of water (H2O) molecule on either side of the chemical bond cleaved synthesis |
| 10. |
ENZYME |
any of numerous proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts in living organisms |
| 11. |
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL |
a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population |
| 12. |
ETHYL CARBAMATE |
also known as urethane, occurs as a colorless, odorless, flavorless, columnar crystal or a white, granular powder. Ethyl carbamate has long been recognized as a naturally occurring potential carcinogen in wine and several other fermented products |
| 13. |
FDA |
United States Food and Drug Administration |
| 14. |
FAO |
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The FAO leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, it acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. FAO is also a source of knowledge and information |
| 15. |
GENE |
a functional unit of heredity that occupies a specific place (locus) on a chromosome, is capable of reproducing itself exactly at each cell division and directs the formation of an enzyme or other protein. The basic genetic material is fundamentally the same in all living organisms: it consists of chain-like molecules of nucleic acids-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in most organisms and ribonucleic acid (RNA) in certain viruses- and is usually associated in a linear arrangement that (in part) constitutes a chromosome |
| 16. |
GENETICS |
a branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of organisms |
| 17. |
GENOTOXIC |
Genotoxic chemicals are those which are capable of causing damage to DNA. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumor, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells |
| 18. |
GRAPE MUST |
the mass of ripe grapes and yeast that is fermented to produce wine. The original grapes, stems, skins, and unfermented liquid that is used to create a wine |
| 19. |
IARC |
the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is part of the World Health Organization. The IARC's mission is to coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and to develop scientific strategies for cancer control |
| 20. |
JECFA |
Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is an international expert scientific committee that is administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Its job is to evaluate the safety of food additives. Its work now also includes the evaluation of contaminants, naturally occurring toxicants and residues of veterinary drugs in food. This Committee also develops principles for the safety assessment of chemicals in food that are consistent with current thinking on risk assessment and take account of recent developments in toxicology and other relevant sciences |
| 21. |
METABOLIC ACTIVITY |
the activity associated with the physical and chemical processes in the maintenance of life |
| 22. |
METABOLIM
(METABOLIZE) |
conversion of food and water into nutrients that can be used by the body's cells, and the use of those nutrients by those cells (to sustain life, grow, etc.) |
| 23. |
UREA |
a white crystalline or powdery compound (CON2H4) released during fermentation with yeast |
| 24. |
URETHANE |
also known as Ethyl Carbamate. (see Ethyl Carbamate) |
| 25. |
VITACULTURE |
the management of the vineyard. |
| 26. |
WHO |
World Health Organization |
| 27. |
YEAST |
any of various unicellular fungi capable of fermenting carbohydrates. A yellowish surface froth or sediment that occurs especially in saccharine liquids (as fruit juices) in which it promotes alcoholic fermentation, consists largely of cells of a fungus (family Saccharomycetaceae), and is used especially in the making of alcoholic liquors and as a leaven in baking |
